Ed Poore

Out of curiosity I assume your Defender is not older than a Td5? Since the DVLA are kicking up a fuss and LR seem to be trying to clean their hands of the whole mess they're not confirming whether any <Td5 vehicles were intended chiefly as passenger vehicles (the long and the short my 300Tdi 110 may be lumped together with Utility 4x4s - I've failed on a few occasions to get them to re-classify it and will probably just ignore London for the moment given that I'm moving to near Farnham).

Someone somewhere once said that the Land Rover (I think the quote slightly pre-dated the Defender but the point still stands) is one of (if not the only) vehicle that is truly class-less and looks like it's meant to be there whatever the situation. In fact testament to this comment is that I once saw a 90 that lived near me just off the Kings Road in London come back one day plastered in mud (probably been out shooting with a pair of Holland and Hollands) and the following day saw it pull up outside the Park Lane Hotel to drop someone off (albeit after a bit of a clean) and didn't look out of place next to a Ferrari, two Rolls, Bentley and Aston. Who's to know whether it's a farmer driving a Defender or ?Somehow I don't think the new design quite captures that effect

I've just rebuilt my Series III's gearbox and found it far easier to whip the roof and seatbox off rather than faff around with trying to get it out the bottom (I have the problem that the gearbox cross-member is welded and it's a galvanised chassis so not going to cut it). Getting it back in (there's some pics on a "coolest thing your land rover has done") I just slung a strop around a beam in the barn and put a snatch block on the end and ran the winch from the 110 to the gearbox (I'd rebuilt it in the empty tub with the roof off). Once you get the gearbox out and the roof off it's fairly easy with a couple of people to shunt the rest around underneath to get it into place to simply drop the gearbox back in. I did use a hand winch on the tow-bar to pull it back up the barn but that's because nothing in our place is flat . I'd hazard a guess that you don't have a 7m heigh roof so a 8m tree-stop is probably going to hang too low, but I'm sure an alternative can be arranged. If you don't have a nice handy electric / hydraulic winch available then a hand winch and thick rope should be enough. I then used a trolley jack under the sump to lift the engine and a couple of "normal" car jacks to shunt the gearbox into the correct place and hold it while I bolted it with the electric winch taking the majority of the weight. Took a couple of hours in total to relocate it but I was working on my own and to be honest felt safer using that method than the method I used to get it out (3 1/2 tonne digger) which was struggled a little with it's reach (due to other vehicles in pieces it had to extend the boom from infront of the Series and then it was a bit of grunting and swearing to pull the gearbox out of the way of the bulkhead while the digger lifted it. Also making the job a bit more difficult was that the driver of the digger couldn't actually see what was going on behind the bulkhead. Still gearbox sounds fantastic now (or rather doesn't sound which was the point of the rebuild!) and was great fun driving it around the fields sitting on the fuel-tank with two propshafts spinning away by your left leg. Ideal for hunting moles as you can shoot through the floor (or rather where the floor should be) Now need to finish stripping the cylinder head today to see what state the engine's in...

Got a galvanised chassis and the gearbox cross-member is welded on so not an option for me. My method worked surprisingly well and chuffed to pieces that (after a quick bit of re-wiring on the winch remote) I managed to do it completely by myself.

Is it just the tread pattern on those tyres or do you have chains on?

Well since the digger is suffering from Landy leaks decided when it came to putting the gearbox back into the Series an alternative method was advisable (not HSE does not exist this far West ).

Used the 110 to put the gearbox into the Series (HSE look away )

Depends on what kind of battery it is, broadly speaking there are two kinds: starter and leisure, however as with everything there are ones which combine features of both (Optima springs to mind). I'm sure most know the difference but essentially they can deliver the same amount of energy it's the manner in which they deliver it that varies. Starter batteries can dump massive (talking >1000A in many cases) currents but don't survive deep discharge well. Leisure batteries can't provide the wallop a starter does but deliver the same amount of energy over a longer period - one side-effect of their design is that they can be deeply discharged without suffering too much. If you're powering auxiliary equipment off a starter battery then I'd have thought (purely from an electrical point of view) that more frequent but shorter duration charges would be better to prevent deep discharge. If you're running leisure batteries then longer periods between recharges (and subsequently longer charging periods) may be more advisable. I'd just do some readings (or getting someone friendly with electronics to rig up a little microcontroller or something (Arduino springs to mind since readily available and easy to use)) to determine what the charge / discharge profiles of the batteries would be. From these you can make more informed decisions about what would be the best solution. There's also a decent write-up on how to determine the state-of-charge of lead-acid batteries here: http://www.mpoweruk.com/soc.htm which might be worth a glance. E

I wouldn't worry about it - I spent the last year of my degree heavily immersed in automotive alternators and still know bugger all about them. Worrying since that's what my Master's project was about , although I'm quite interested in an aspect that Si (simonr) pointed out about the project which basically means it could be adapted to improve battery life...

Even more pedantic mode on - an induction machine is anything that operates by the process of electro-magnetic induction. A synchronous machine is a special case of an induction machine and an alternator is a special case of a synchronous machine. I'm not denying that you can't get more power from alternators by spinning them faster (in a non-automotive application) it's just that with all the extra electronics built into the ones installed on vehicles the way that the voltage is regulated is by PWM regulation of the field current. Therefore they are tuned to produce maximum power at a particular rotational speed, which is usually a fast-idle as mentioned in other posts.

Don't think that's correct for the majority of vehicles (I say majority because there are no two Land Rovers the same and therefore what normally applies doesn't normally apply if you get my drift ). Most alternators are designed such that they can generate maximum power at more or less idle speed. Basically* the alternator is an induction machine and therefore one fundamental property of it is that as you increase the rotational speed then the output voltage also increases, the current that it outputs depends on the electrical load attached to it. So to prevent damage to batteries, lights etc then this output voltage must be regulated. The method for doing this is to disconnect and reconnect the circuit rapidly. The duty cycle (i.e. the ratio of time the circuit is on to off) therefore controls the average voltage seen at the other end. The reason you see a DC (smoothish) waveform on the alternator is due to the filtering properties of having a massive inductance (the alternator) and a massive capacitance (the battery) - they're literally a low-pass filter. To simplify matters the field current rather than the stator current (i.e. the little rather than big cables) are chopped since it's cheaper to deal with low currents (MOSFETs that can deal with ~10A are pennies whereas MOSFETs that can deal with ~100A are more like £50 a pop). So the underlying fact of the matter is that as the alternator speeds up the input current (and therefore output current) is chopped and therefore some power is "lost", or rather not generated in the first place. Therefore as rotational speed increases the power that can be generated decreases. That's a rather simplified view but hopefully justifies why they're tuned for lower speeds. There's some pretty clever electronics / physics going on in the physical design of the alternators to make changes in rotational speed matter less and the like. The reason alternators may not output maximum power at idle is due to the electronics controlling them - basically if you wallop a 100A load onto the alternator then it in turn will load the engine - this may not be desirable as it gives a rather rough lumpy response. In fact one of the alternators I've worked closely with actually stalls some amateur rally cars when they switch on all the floodlights and heated windows! During my Master's project I built a test-rig for work on alternators and this was a 4.5kW DC motor driving said alternator (150A tiny Denso thingy) and if I switched on my load-bank (~1.5kW of halogen bulbs ) then smoke would start appearing from the belts and invariably blew several fuses on the motor-driver and reached the limits of a single-phase supply. At the moment I'm tidying up this project etc for the Uni so they can use it as a demonstration in the labs and will be wiring into a three-phase supply to make it a little more reliable. Going back to the original comment - if the batteries are severely discharged then the alternator will try it's best to deliver the power in order to recharge them because the lead-acid batteries will draw a substantial current initially. I haven't noticed it on my 110 because of the torque that engine produces but certainly on the little <1L Suzuki I used to drive if you switched on the head-lights while the engine was ticking over you could hear the engine note drop as the alternator produced more power and therefore loaded the engine. *because there's a lot of mathematical gubbins behind the actual operation of them which I can't be bothered to explain and more importantly because I can't remember it off the top of my head...

Well I had the benefit of having the old guy and therefore having the digger (him being my father and all...) . Was the first proper "toy" I got to play with as a 5 year old since in the middle of a field there was very little damage you could do...

I used one of these when removing my Series drive-train. Had the benefit of being able to do it all in one piece as well.

There are some British stockists of the Sparkfun stuff as well: http://www.proto-pic.co.uk/ http://www.oomlout.co.uk/ Are the two I remember off hand

I'll find out on Saturday for you - will be doing some lanes around that area and Sarn Helen is one of the ones on the list if it's open.<div><br></div><div>Ed</div>

I've seen a few big ones in my time...

Hows about a brushes used for cleaning shotguns?

I'd contradict that if you're not very experienced in programming - 'The C Programming Language' is a reference book rather than a tutorial. I love the book (although everything is committed to memory now). However, since I didn't learn C first-hand (I knew about four other programming languages prior to C) then it was a concise guide and needed little else. More for the OP: People have covered most of the bases here about various concerns about safety etc but one area that does need attention is the power supply side of things. You can buy off the shelf stuff that deals with buck conversion but just make sure the ratings are appropriate because the electrical systems in vehicles are horrendously noisy. A very worthwhile read is this application note: http://www.littelfuse.com/data/en/Application_Notes/an9312.pdf, the main point to highlight is that if your winch motor stalls then you could see the battery voltage plummet and any regulators you have need to be able to deal with this. Another point to highlight is that the winch I have (a cheapo Champion thing but does what I want) switches about 8A through the wired remote and thus you any MOSFETs you have to switch those currents (easy to source from RS and Farnell but not "bog-standard" transistors. Pay attention to wire size as well since this is where most things fall down, particularly important as I'm also toying with the idea of building my own solid-state controller to replace the solenoids. I say toying, I have the design but deciding whether to shell out and buy some MOSFETs at ~£50 a pop. Reckon I can build the MOSFET control for up to ~300A for <£200 but we'll see.... If you want to make sure you comply with all the necessary laws for automotive use (not particularly applicable in winching applications) then I can dig up some documentation I had when I did my final year project (was improving fuel efficiency through intelligent control of the alternator).

If you define for ever as a year then yes... If it's a draw then it'll pour.

When they come out in leaf

Very much like Wales... Most changeable day I've experienced in the last few years was supervising a Duke of Edinburgh Expedition around the Sarn Helen area and had snow, rain, sun, sleet, thunderstorms, fog, more thunderstorms and finally "April showers" all in the space of 12h

Don't quite apply down this neck of the woods (very South-West Wales) since we tend to deal with most of the stuff off the Atlantic. However if you're sufficiently high up you can usually see what tomorrow'll be like . On which note it looks like it might be dry for the rest of the day so that'll mean off down to the woods in the 110 to join the digger, tractor and dumper truck to make some mess in the various lanes we're rebuilding...

Eh? Where the hell do you see these "forecasts" they're unknown to me?! All the BBC and ITV seem to show is what the weather was like yesterday / earlier in the day, and they usually get that wrong for my neck of the woods... I did once see this legend of a forecast which informed me what the weather may be like in a few hours but to be honest I could tell that by looking out the window. If only they could tell me what it's going to be like next week...

After day one of some lane clearing on the farm. It was considerably dirtier but unfortunately I haven't taken any photos and the rain today seems to have done a reasonable job at clearing the lighter splatters off. Due to the state that the vehicles and ourselves have been getting into with all the chopping, chipping and digging haven't been taking a lot of photos. Had a wonderful time yesterday when after cutting down trees that were blocking tractor and dumper trucks' passage Dad managed to disconnect one of the tracks on the digger in a bog. That was entertaining getting a metal track for a 3.5t digger back on in 2ft of mud and water...

West Wales - essentially border between Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire, not local to you I'm afraid... Been busy on other stuff (like retrieving the 110 this afternoon, got it slightly stuck on the way back from cutting some trees down in one of our forestries) but if the weather holds out I'm going to be spending as much time outside as possible doing work on the land and then if it begins to rain will have another look at the gearbox.